Intel CIO Diane Bryant shares how, during the “Tick,” Intel delivers new silicon process technology, dramatically increasing transistor density while enhancing performance and energy efficiency within a smaller, more refined version of our existing microarchitecture.

In the second year, the “Tock” delivers entirely new processor microarchitecture to optimize the value of the increased number of transistors and technology updates now available.

If you’re an investor, you can stay on top of all the ways Intel pushes the boundaries of innovation, making news in technology, manufacturing, education, culture and social responsibiliy. Learn more about the rhythm of Intel’s advancing silicon technology and what it means for your business, your investment, and you.

Tags: Intel, Tick-Tock, Chip Design, Chip Manufacturing, 45nm, Diane Bryant, Nehalem, Core i7

Dr. Ren Ng, president and CEO of Refocus Imaging, led a demo of his company’s light field cameras, which record the full light field as it enters the camera, ultimately extending the capabilities of conventional digital cameras and “turning camera hardware into software.” Ng explains that by doing this, light field cameras “bring the economics and power of Moore’s Law to the camera system.” (snapshots from their Web site illustrate the demo, which they re-created live, on stage at IDF!).

Also on hand was Dr. Mendel Rosenblum, co-founder and chief scientist at VMware. He shared the stage with Intel Senior Vice President and General Manager, Digital Enterprise Group, Pat Gelsinger, to demonstrate a flex migration across four generations of hardware as well as the value of the deep collaboration between Intel and VMware.

There was a live demo by Classmate PC, following the news-making announcement of the new, second generation classmate (”featuring a 9-inch LCD screen, 6-cell battery, 512MB memory, a 30GB hard disk drive and a built-in webcam“), the unveiling of Intel’s Tukwila Itanium processor (“Two billion transistors in one processor”), and a mobility-focused Asianux demoonstration of the breadth of Moblin Usage, including a new way to play video from the Web and a new way to order Chinese food.

A Montevina demo was noteworthy after Intel Senior Vice President and General Manager of Intel’s Mobility Group, Dadi Perlmutter, revealed that Intel’s next generation mobile platform, Montevina, will provide twice the 3D processing power of any current integrated solution.

Demos showcasing Neusoft driver assistance, Fuwa robot, Adobe Air, Sobey real-time rendering and MID & mobile designs rounded out the event.

Tags: Intel, IDF, Shanghai, mobility, Ren Ng, Refocus Imaging, light field cameras, Mendel Rosenblum, VMware, Pat Gelsinger, flex migration, Classmate PC, Tukwila, Itanium, processor, Moblin, Montevina, Dadi Perlmutter, Fuwa, Adobe Air, Sobey, IDF2008, Silverthorne, Intel Atom, mobile Internet device, Nehalem, Dunnington, Multithreading, virtualization, high performance computing, wireless technology, Centrino, WiMax, 45nm, 32nm

Intel’s Brian Fravel helped to announce Atom’s brand name on Sunday, followed by Bob Duffy and others. Outside of Intel, conversation continues. Most blog mentions highlight the tiny processor’s likeley impact on mobile internet devices. As Joel Hruska writes at Ars Technica, “The Atom architecture is intended to give Intel a foothold in handheld devices that have traditionally been the sole domain of very low-power RISC processors.” Noting that no Atom-enabled products have yet been announced, Yahoo! Tech’s Christopher Null predicts that “you should definitely expect some in the next few months.”

More info at:
Mobility@Intel blog
The Intel Pressroom

Related Stories: Intel, IntelMooresLaw, IntelMobility

Tags: Intel, 45nm, transistors, mobile Internet devices, Intel Atom, Intel Centrino Atom, Brian Fravel, Bob Duffy, Joel Hruska, Ars Technica, Christopher Null, Intel, IntelMooresLaw, IntelMobility

Tags: Moore’s Law, 45nm, Penryn, microprocessor, new recipe, Hafnium, metal gate, eco-unfriendly, wasteful electricity leaks

Dracott talks about the possibilities of high performance computing, and about the upcoming SC ‘07 conference, where today’s leading computer companies will feature their latest and greatest products and technology. Featured at the Intel booth will be a contest to build a 768 GFlop processing cluster using the latest Intel quad core processors, and the winner gets to take it home. For more information and to participate, go to ultimatehpcgeek.com. Find more info on High Performance Computers, or go to Intel’s knowledge base Wiki on supercomputing.

Related Stories: IntelMooresLaw

Tags: Penryn, Intel, Gordon Moore, transistors, Richard Dracott, High Performance Computing Organization, Digital Enterprise Group, SC ‘07, quad core, High Performance Computers, IntelMooresLaw

Tags: Haf the little frog, hafnium, 45nm, Geoff McFetridge

Related Stories: IntelIDF, IntelMooresLaw

Tags: Intel, 32nm, SRAM, high-k, metal gate transistors, IntelIDF, IntelMooresLaw

Related Stories:
IntelMobility
IntelMooresLaw

Tags: Adam Savage, Jamie Hyneman, Intel, Centrino Duo, Centrino Pro, IntelMobility, IntelMooresLaw

This podcast was sponsored by Hitachi Global Storage Technologies.

Transcript:

Host: Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
Guest: Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST

Announcer
This Podcast was sponsored by Hitachi Global Storage Technologies.

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
There are so many things that we as a human race consider and can store as data. When there is one Terabyte of affordable space we will figure out how to store things.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
That is Doug Pickford, Director of Product and Market Strategy for Enterprise Products with Hitachi Global Storage Technologies. I spoke with Doug at Hitachi GST, San Jose Headquarters. Hitachi GST recently announced an industry milestone, a hard drive with a 1 Terabyte storage capacity, that is 1,000 Gigabytes. I asked Doug to help me understand just how much data could be stored on a Terabyte? This is Catherine Girardeau with PodTech.net.

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
Standard definition if we consider it to be two hours per movie, it can capture 500 movies. Beyond standard definition we move to high-definition, you can only store 125 HD movies, but then let us consider it maybe from a different angle, 300,000 digital photographs at highest quality, a million E-books or as another example 250,000 songs on your MP3 player.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
That would be a shuffle list that probably would not repeat very much?

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
Not too often, not too often.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
What is driving the need for this much storage?

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
The concept of having the digital home. Most people think that that is a concept that is far in the future. Reality, it is here today. Many, many people have DVRs, almost everyone has an MP3 player and most people have digital cameras. What we do not have is a topology and the methodology to manage it all. So, what will evolve is the centralized mechanism to control it all and at the center of however it turns out would be a very large hard disk drive.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
Then, I am sure the need would just continue. People will soon need two Terabytes, three Terabytes?

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
That is exactly right. There is a kind of an axiom in today’s society. Maybe it is economic driven, maybe it is behavior driven, but if you make something cheap enough to do, we will figure out how to do it and if storage on a Gigabyte basis is measured in tenths of the cent then I will store all sorts of stuff.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
So, tell me about the first of the Terabyte products you are launching, the Deskstar and Cinemastar. Who would want it? What does it do?

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
All right. First of the Deskstar, because we use the personal computer for a repository for a lot of our data, it is becoming more and more important to back that data up. So, the concept of personal external storage or a backup device that you connect to your personal computer is one of the first usage for the Deskstar 7K1000. They will probably also be pockets of high-end gamers that have the extreme PCs where a Terabyte of storage will be consumed quite easily.

So, they will also be attracted. The Cinemastar is really put together feature function wise to be most appropriate for that DVR or set-top box application where power, heat, acoustics, smooth data availability are all of key attributes and will be very distinguishing from the Deskstar version of the product.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
So, Doug I understand this is an industry first. How did Hitachi GST reach this milestone?

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
In reality, Hitachi GST reach this milestone by changing as well as not changing. Let me first start with the not changing. The product prior to the 7K1000 this one Terabyte drive that we are talking about was the 7K500, 500 Gigabytes just half of it. The mechanical engineering and design of that product was so solid, that we are able to reuse much of the work done at that level. Really the issue to get from 500 gigabytes to one terabyte was in specifically the areal density.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
Can you just give me a quick layperson’s definition of areal density?

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
Areal density is the product of how many tracks you lay on a disk and how tight you put bytes within that track, so it is the x times the y. To solve increased areal density requirements we moved from linear recording mechanisms to what is called a PMR Head or Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, both heads in disk. Through that technology advance we have been able to increase the areal density like I said to get from 500 to 1 Terabyte of storage.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
So, essentially you have found a way to compress that to fit more tracks in a same space.

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
That is exactly right, that is exactly right. One of the greatest games of perpendicular recording relative to linear recording is that the linear space or the space around the track that required to store bits is significantly smaller. We, Hitachi GST has a cute little cartoon where I think it is called ‘Get Perpendicular’ and basically the concept is, is that the linear bits or linear recording, the bits are lying down and then in perpendicular recording they are standing up. If I have to lay down a 100 people along the street, it is going to take a fair amount of space but if I stand them up and stand them next to each other, much less space.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
Can I think of this in terms of a three dimensional model?

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
You can not think of it in terms of the three dimensional model in that the Z axis or the third dimension is the number of clatters for the number of disks inside and the 7K1000 has five disks inside of it.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
As we talked, I began to wonder how much further the development of storage capacity could go. In computer chip design for example companies like Intel and Hewlett-Packard are pushing Moore’s Law or the principle that the number of transistors on a chip can be doubled every 24 months.

Is the same kind of thing operating in the storage industry where you are kind of pushing the limits of what is actually possible?

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
Well, it is interesting. It is a great question, we get back to this concept of areal density, which in semiconductor the measurement is transistors or transistors per centimeter square whereas in disk drives it is Gigabits per square inch or areal density and the industry over it is 50 plus years now of existence has gone through a number of hills and valleys on how steep that slope is for areal density improvements. Just within the last five, ten years we had a point time where areal density was doubling every year.

We have now kind of settled as an industry into a curve that has a slope of about 35% to 40% on an annual growth basis. To maintain that overtime, new technologies will have to be invented. The perpendicular magnetic recording technology that I spoke of is one of the technologies, which ought to carry as out to in the same form factor maybe a five Terabyte drive, but there will need to be another technology after that and after that. From a physics point of view we see that there is clear headlights out into at least a 50 Terabyte drive.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
But Pickford said it is not all clear headlights in terms of industry challenges and the competition.

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
There are many ways to store things, maybe optically maybe not, maybe magnetically. There are semi conductor storage out there. So, as hard disk drives enter into the consumer space in such an exploding manner we are competing with the — an entire new fill (ph) if you will, and that is alternate industries. Again as you go into consumer spaces, you are now competing with a lot of potentially different technologies to try to solve the same problem.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
Pickford refers to what he calls the enterprise storage hierarchy with the fastest, most expensive, highest performing disk drives at the top of the pyramid. In the middle are high capacity storage drives such as Hitachi GST 7K1000 and then at the bottom, he said, “Would be tape or optical drives for deep backup.”

Doug, you were talking about the hierarchy and I wanted to have you just expand on the relationship between flash and hard disks’ storage.

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
I think there is a fair amount of confusion around this relationship between flash and hard disk drive. Some might see it as a competition, as a fight to the death. In reality it is exactly the opposite, flash and hard disk drives are partners. Even if at the top layer of enterprise storage there is a flash component, there will still be the hard disk drive underneath it, maybe at an even broader and deeper range as a partner to that flash.

While it is true that for the smaller capacity devices flash is essentially the medium of choice now. The collection and management of that information that is running around on all these little devices is going to be put on the shoulders of the hard disk drive. So, that is going to be the collection point.

So, in reality the proliferation of flash devices is a stimulant for hard disk drives and I expect them to be happy and cooperating partners from (Inaudible) Eternity. I have a wife and two beautiful daughters each of which have their own MP3 players, their own playlist and they are constantly vying to swap this and that and we are having to chase things down and move things from computer A to computer B. I tried to imagine a world where I have a centralized device managing my pictures, my MP3, my video content and my daughter simply pugs into the USB port her little MP3, gets her uploads and off she goes so it can share easily, often and everybody is happy.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
That is the perfect vision from the digital home.

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
It is.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
Well, Doug Pickford, thank you so much for joining me on PodTech.net.

Doug Pickford - Hitachi GST
My pleasure.

Catherine Girardeau – PodTech
Doug Pickford is Director of Product and Market Strategy for Enterprise Products with Hitachi Global Storage Technologies. I spoke with him at Hitachi GST, San Jose Headquarters. For PodTech.net, I am Catherine Girardeau.

Copyright ©2006 PodTech.net. All rights reserved. Privacy policy

Tags: terabyte, Doug Pickford, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, 7K1000, Deskstar, Cinemastar

Here’s an interesting video produced by Intel at their research facility in Hillsboro, Oregon featuring engineers who are working on 80-core technology.

Related Stories: IntelMooresLaw

More Information:
Intel Tera-Scale Research (80-Core animation
available on this site)
Intel Pressroom
Technolgy @ Intel Magazine
Intel Technology Journal

Transcript:

Host: Jason Lopez – PodTech

Jason Lopez – PodTech
What’s better than a teraflop computer in a room? Obviously, a teraflop computer on a chip. What this is a production prototype of the world’s first teraflop on a chip die. Each of these dies has 80 simple floating-point cores on them with stacked SRAM. There are over 80 die on this wafer. Each 80-core die is capable of a teraflop performance with the ability to transfer terabytes -per-second of data between the cores and the stacked SRAM. Now it’s a prototype, but we think that the capability embodied by this prototype chip is going to be commercially available in a five-year window and that allows us to do some very amazing things.

This kind of performance gives us, the first time capability to imaging things like real-time video search or real-time speech translation from one language to another. Now, at the most fundamental level, the thing that makes all this work, the thing that makes this come alive is the transistor. And a lot has changed in the world of computing, but there’s been one constant, and that’s Moore’s Law.

Video plays — We hear a lot about Moore’s Law, but I don’t think that most people are aware of what doubling every two years really means.

(Music)

Mark Bohr - Intel
When I first joined Intel, the smallest transistor dimensions were about 3 microns. Today the smallest dimensions are around 30 nanometers, a 100 times smaller. Over the years, our process technology has changed dramatically. Our wafer sizes have grown from a 3-inch diameter in 1978 to today’s 12-inch diameter, and we have switched from bipolar to NMOS to CMOS technology, and more recent innovations have been “locate dielectrics”, copper interconnects, and strained silicon transistors.

In each case, the goal was to improve performance and to reduce power. So, while the concept of Performance-per-watt is somewhat new to the industry, power considerations have been a focus for Intel all along.

Yan Borodovsky – Intel
Lithography is how we reproduce, the design patterns on the chip. Of all the manufacturing steps, it is the most complex and most expensive. Patterns created by a chip designer are first etched into the mask then transferred by shining light through the mask onto the wafer. The process requires the most advanced lenses known to mankind. At the Intel we have a huge advantage over our competitors because we design and make our masks in-house. Our mask teams collaborate closely with our patterning teams to develop resolution, enhanced capability, to deliver higher-density patterning, earlier and with lower cost.

Mark Bohr - Intel
Moore’s Law isn’t like a natural law. It doesn’t just happen. We began working on 65-nanometer over five years ago. And are now working on processes for use five years or more from now. Gordon Moore formulated a law. Now it’s up to us to keep him honest.

Copyright ©2006 PodTech.net. All rights reserved. Privacy policy

Tags: Intel, microprocessor, Teraflop, Integrated Solid State Circuits Conference, artificial intelligence, Jason Lopez, Justin Rattner, IntelMooresLaw

Tags: Nintendo, Wii, Intel, Penryn, 45 nanometer, microprocessor, Robert Scoble, IBM

Intel announced that it will begin making 45 nanometer chips, code-named Penryn, in the second half of the year. The new microprocessors are the culmination of years of R&D using new materials to improve the efficiency and performance of silicon-based semiconductors.

The company says the new chip technology maintains Moore’s Law, the observation made by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in the late 1960s that the number of transistors doubles on chips every two years. Intel scientists say that transistors are now so small that more than 300 can fit on a human red blood cell.

In a recent earnings announcement, Intel officials said they expect to rebuild a lead in the computer chip market through innovation and manufacturing efficiency. Intel’s current line of microprocessors includes the Core2Duo, Core2Extreme, and Core2Quad.

In this video podcast, PodTech’s Jason Lopez visits Intel’s Hillsboro, Oregon research facility and fab.

Related Stories: IntelMooresLaw

Transcript:
Host: Jason Lopez – PodTech
Guests: Intel Spokesperson
Guest: Kelin Kuhn - Intel

Jason Lopez – PodTech
Transistors are the miniature machines of the heart of computers. The first transistors built on silicon in the 1960’s were relatively large compared to those of today. But in the last few years, scientists have sensed The End of Moore’s Law as the quest to double a number of transistors on a chip every two years has pushed the limits of physics.

This test wafer is used to measure the reliability of billions of H transistor and interconnect features, the blue prints for making microprocessors. For nearly 40 years, transistors have been made from a polysilicon gate and silicon gate oxide, the materials used to create the switch inside that turns it on and off. But with 65 nanometer technology currently in production, those materials have been pushed to their physical limits. To go smaller at 45 nanometers scientists said Intel chose new materials a Metal gate and High-K gate oxide based on the element hafnium. These materials have enabled yet again the doubling of the density of transistors within a two-year timeframe.

Intel code names its new family of 45 nanometer chips ‘Penryn’ which deliver a significant improvement in power efficiency and performance.

Speaker
This is a really tremendous accomplishment to get all the way down to 45 nanometer dimensions. When I joined Intel five micron dimensions were common. 45 nanometers is more than a 100 times smaller than that. So, quite remarkable.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
If you think about it, if you look at the Intel 45 nanometer device technology, we can fit 400 transistors on something about the size of the human blood cell.

Speaker
So, it allows us to continue scaling and maintain this Moore’s Law type of evolutionary built up we’ve seen.

Speaker
Well, developing smaller transistors or technologies with smaller feature size is very key, because it allows you to pack more transistors on a chip which means you can do more things with that chip, that also means that these transistors when they’re smaller can use less energy when you switch them on and off. So, you have better power efficiency, you can get certain computational functions done using less energy, less power.

Jason Lopez - PodTech
Intel’s drive to adhere to Moore’s Law is as much an economic decision as it is a scientific one. It’s one thing to make the Metal gate and High-K gate oxide technologies work. It’s another to make 45 nanometer chips enlarged volumes to satisfy the market. Intel’s lead in the chip industry is based on its ability to deliver cheaper and faster microprocessors.

Speaker
Well, one of the key things that Intel does very well is what’s called Design for Manufacturability and the key there is to make sure that the product design and the process manufacturing technology are able to work together and produce high yielding, high quality products and because we’re an integrated device manufacturer, we do the design in-house, we do the process development in-house, we’re able to do a really good job at Design for Manufacturability up front and produce these chips in high volume.

Jason Lopez - PodTech
Metal gate and High-K gate oxide only atoms thick are more electrically efficient helping to reduce heat and power lost from leakage and improving transistor performance by 20%. The idea to use new materials has been around for more than a decade, but the technologies to deploy them were developed by hundreds of engineers over the past few years.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Okay so, if you think about how we build gate oxides, historically, we’ve used very simple silicon dioxide materials basically glass, and as we’ve developed our technology expertise over the years we started doing very elegant things to this glass to make ever better oxides basically the gate of the transistor.

When we introduced the Intel 45 nanometer process we moved a hafnium-based material as a radically different way of resolving our gate leakage issues and so it’s a very novel material system that’s intrinsic to the type of leakage improvements we see. Chip design was simple once and we don’t do that anymore. It’s complicated now because we already did the simple stuff that’s my humorous answer, but I think in today’s world if you look at a modern microprocessor. We’re talking hundreds of millions of transistors and it’s incomprehensible that humans can build this to be honest.

Every time we have a success in the fab. I sit back and look at this and we’re looking at devices that are one-tenth the wavelength of light. Little tinnie winnie devices and humans can build these very complicated things and if you think about it, a yielding dye in our process technology means every single transistor worked. Every single one of those 100 million transistors worked and that’s when we sell them. Can you believe it? Humans can actually make something where every single one of a hundred million plus devices worked, it’s remarkable, and we don’t do it as individuals, we do it as an international team.

Speaker
We had the fly of the wafers to Arizona, get them assembled and then fly them back to Folsom, California in order to actually test them.

Jason Lopez - PodTech
So, what was the feeling of the team when you booted up that first OS?

Speaker
I would say one word it was ‘Euphoria’. The team was just tremendously excited. When you considered a number of people involved in the two–and-a-half years that culminated in this boolean of major Operating System with Penryn, it was an awesome feeling.

Jason Lopez - PodTech
Is that simply because it worked or is it because a number of things work?

Speaker
Yeah, it really represents the fact that a number of things worked. Coming out of reset is not so monumentous as say (Inaudible) up to boot Windows XP, or Windows Vista or Linux because there is a lot of functionality that has to be working to reach that level of capability. So, the team was obviously excited for that. All this happened around. I believe we booted around 3:30 in the morning and there was just a lot of adrenalin in the lab at that time and this is a lot of excitement.

Jason Lopez - PodTech
It’s like a moon shot only you didn’t have the big screen looking.

Speaker
Yeah, you could say that. Maybe on a smaller scale, but yeah, that’s equivalent to us on the engineering team as our moon shot.

Copyright ©2006 PodTech.net. All rights reserved. Privacy policy

Tags: Intel, 45 nanometer, Penryn, microprocessors, semiconductors, Moore’s Law, Gordon Moore, Intel, Core2Duo, Core2Extreme, Core2Quad, Jason Lopez, IntelMooresLaw

Related Stories: IntelMooresLaw

Transcript:
Host: Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Guest: Kelin Kuhn - Intel

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Yeah, so who are you. Who are you just talk to me.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Okay.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Forget the cameras here.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Okay. I am Kelin Kuhn, I am the 45 nanometer Device Group Leader for Intel.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Wow!

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
I am in-charge of the transistor architecture for 45 nanometer.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Wow! And where are we?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
We’re in the device lab which is…

Robert Scoble- ScobleShow
Come over here, so I can get a little look at what we’re looking out here.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
So, this is where we test transistor devices for the technology, and here in the background we just — let me start over – I lost it. Here in the background we have a test station with (Inaudible) wafer on it. In fact, we just I’ll ask one of my technicians to move off for a second so we can show you the station.

Robert Scoble- ScobleShow
Okay.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
You can basically see the wafer probes, the wafer so here, we’ve got the split charts setup and we’re beginning to do actual measurements on the wafer.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Okay.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
This kind of technology with a very advanced architecture we use, requires very careful measurements and so we supported a lot of hardware in order to make the types and accuracy of measurements we need.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Right and what are the people doing in this lab specifically, what are they trying to look for or what are they doing — what are they tagged with?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Well, if you think about what we’ve done in the technology and 45 nanometers what we’ve introduced is basically the world’s first High-K/Metal gate transistor.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Yeah.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
If you think about High-K/Metal gate, what that does is that buys you some advantages in performance and in leakage over the conventional technology.

Now, High-K/Metal gate is a very unusual gate architecture. What we’ve done here is we’ve introduced a hafnium dielectric instead of the silicone dioxide dielectric and we’ve gotten some significant advantages particularly in leakage. Now, if you think about it, if you’ve spent many years measuring silicone dioxide devices with one kind of leakage and one kind of capacity performance and you start measuring these new devices, it requires some change in how we do business.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Yeah. What is the leakage percentage of different…?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Well, it’s a good question. The kinds of number were seen is we’re seeing about a 10X reduction in gate leakage for this technology.

Robert Scoble- ScobleShow
Which means to the person at home lets heat coming off the chip and no power?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Well, if you think about it, think about the last time you bought a laptop, right?

Robert Scoble- ScobleShow
Yeah.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
You probably bought it for some combination of, it will run my favorite software which is performance and our transistors will deliver 20% more performance than the previous technology and you also probably bought it for something like I can fly across United States on a battery. Well, gate leakage is one of the main components of transistor leakage and that means power and that means you’re not sucking your battery and so a 10X reduction in gate leakage has a lot of impact. It might make the difference is to whether you could fly from here to Atlanta or from here to New York.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
And it make the huge difference to somebody like Google or Yahoo! or Microsoft who has a hundreds of thousands of machine with your processor.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
That’s exactly right and the High-K/Metal gate technology with the significant reduction in gate leakage is especially valuable when the transistors are idle because if you think about gate leakage in a transistor architecture, if the transistor isn’t doing a whole heck of a lot it’s still leaking through the gate, well if you can reduce the gate leakage, you’re that much better off.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Interesting! And so what is this machine behind in here?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Well, this is just the Probe Station and what we do and you can actually see it here is we have this very fine needle like probes that go over it and…

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
You just jump over here so I have to say in microphone and audio.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
So, we have these very fine needle like probes that go over and drop on the wafer. Now, the picture isn’t very exciting because these are just the probe heads when they drop and you can see the little place where the probes have been. But then what we do is then the electrical signals come through these probes and we can setup with the various hardware we have exactly the signal that we want to go in there in order to do voltage or current or capacitance or leakage or whatever we want to do.

This type of station here is typically used for measurements when we want to do something it’s a little non-standard because you can see the folks can sit here and type in on the computer specialized types of measurements to do non-routine things. Some of the other hardware here is more automated. But, this area is the area that we use for the developmental activities.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Right. What is the rest of this lab for? What kinds of things that you’re doing in the rest of the lab that you can tell me about? I am not sure everything is top secret at Intel.

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Everything is top secret. What we can do on the rest of the lab is, there are several technologies supported here at the same time. This technology 45 nanometers is just entering the phase where we begin to transition the technology off to the high volume manufacturing room. Over one corner of the lab we have the next generation 32 nanometers where people are trying to figure out what the transistor architecture is, and in another corner of the lab we have the last technology which is 65 nanometers where they are doing some high volume work and trying to figure out things like, how many time the probes can sit on the wafer before the probe get damaged and that sort of stuff.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Interesting!

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
So, in this kind of environment typically we have three simultaneous technologies running, the one we’re doing, the one we just did that’s usually making us money and the one we’re about to do that’s in some sort of a research/(Inaudible) probe.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Yeah. Well, thanks for spending a little bit of time. Is there anything else that I should know or viewers at home should know about the lab and the work you and your team does?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Well, I think one of the most important messages that I could send is that High-K/Metal gate is probably the most significant transistor architecture change probably in the last 30 years, certainly in my adult life. I can also say that I think Intel is probably the only company that could have done it because many things in this technology have been challenging, trying to make the leakage requirement, the performance requirements, or the role requirements in such a novel system because this is basically a hafnium-based dielectric, has really been something that has been out of the normal for a transistor development side.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
How long have you been here in Intel?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
I have been here a decade.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
A decade?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Yeah.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Is that the craziest thing you’ve seen Intel try to do in a decade or how does this match up to other challenges that Intel has met?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Well, we have done some pretty surprising things and each generation at the beginning of the technology cycle I look at the design roles, which is the basic architecture and I go — Uh… we couldn’t possibly do this and then as the technology develops all of a sudden there is one day when all looks pretty easy and then you go to the next one, but I will confess all the High-K/Metal gate technology has been the most challenging technology I have experienced at Intel and there were many days in the developmental cycle when I said, “Oh no, this couldn’t be done” and it’s been really a spectacular experience to be able to do this.

Robert Scoble - ScobleShow
Who on your team would you like to give credit to for helping you out?

Kelin Kuhn - Intel
Oh! I think the credit definitely should go to my two mentors at Intel Mark Bohr who is the senior fellow who is actually introducing this session and then my immediate supervisor who is Carl’s (ph) administrator who is the 1266 program manager and I owe both gentlemen a significant amount of thanks for their help to me during this technology cycle.

Robert Scoble- ScobleShow
Well, thanks for spending a few minutes with me explaining what you do.

Kelin Kuhn – Intel
All right.

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Transcript:
Guest: Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
Guest: Paul Otellini - Intel

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
Well, good morning everybody. I think we’ve got a pretty interesting day ahead of us. What I’d like to do is, first of all, welcome Paul and the Intel team. As somebody earlier remarked, it was interesting to see those two logos side by side up there, with no spontaneous creation of energy around them. We think today really changes the marketplace for Sun, it certainly opens up a new era in our future. We are really looking forward to talking through what it is that we’re all about.

So, what I’d like to do, and maybe give Paul an opportunity to take a little rest here, is actually talk back to a meeting, and I don’t know if you remember this Paul, but when I was announced as the CEO of Sun, that was back in April of last year, I made a series of phone calls, and probably first on the list was a call to Paul to say, surely, there’s more that we could do together. I mean we are really fundamentally engineering companies, we’re both really focused on innovation and opportunity. We then had dinner in a San Francisco restaurant, which Paul enjoyed a great deal, he came to my neighborhood, which I was happy about. We really got to talking about the marketplace, and it really struck me at that point, the more we talked, the more similarly we viewed the market, the more similarly we viewed the market opportunity.

A slide that can give you a little picture of that is really quite simple. The more folks come online, the more services they want to get access to. You want to get access to your Gmail account, you want to get access to your work, you want to get access to the new entertainment services. The more folks we could bring online, the more opportunity on the network, the more opportunity that would drive in the world’s data centers and network operation centers to fuel that demand. This is a very simple idea, but really the volume on the front end of this is what defines our markets. The accessibility, the affordability, and the innovation that really captivates consumers brings people online and creates economic opportunity, and certainly for Sun and Intel back in the world’s data centers.

So, what I thought I could do is just give you a little bit of a perspective on, not only our business model and the way we see the marketplace, but put our relationship today in the context of the business that we’re ultimately building, and then I will turn it over to Paul to talk about some of the things that we’re going to be doing together.

So, if you spend anytime around Sun, you’ll hear us talk about the four S’s. We’re basically in four businesses, and those businesses are Software, Server, Services and Storage. Now, for us those businesses are a Venn diagram, because there is a considerable amount of overlap between them. Customers really don’t want to have to make four entirely distinct and separate and disparate decisions, and similarly as an R&D company, we don’t want to have to do completely independent R&D to go pursue these marketplaces.

So, we want to leverage to the extent that we can the core innovations we have at Sun, the core systems engineering expertise, software expertise, and market expertise. To the extent that we can, that creates a very efficient model for R&D as well as a very efficient mechanism to go pursue the marketplace, but importantly for Sun, we cannot be just about our own intellectual property. We cannot simply attempt to lock piece A to piece B and piece C, that’s not how customers buy as we see in the marketplace, that’s not what ultimately we believe the market actually wants.

So, if you look at how we go pursue the marketplace, we tend to meet customers where they are today. Our servers at this point run both the SPARC as well as AMD, and going forward, the Intel servers we build are not just about running Solaris, they’re about running Windows, they’re about running Linux, they’re about running Red Hat.

The software we ship, and I’ll give you a graphic to really make this point in a moment, dominantly runs off of Sun hardware. The majority of the software that Sun builds is running on Nokia hardware or on Intel hardware or on — certainly non-Sun hardware, HP, Dell laptops and notebooks along with those systems and servers up in the network.

Our storage business tends to be very, very cross platform. A very significant portion of the storage we build in the marketplace, whether it’s archive systems or enterprise storage, attaches to an IBM mainframe or to an HP server, or to a Windows server.

Then finally our services business, customers don’t want to just go to a company they can support only its own products, they need those products in deployment attached to a world of other innovations and opportunities. So, really this is our view of the marketplace. We meet customers at the edges of this Venn diagram and then we do our best to bring them toward the centre, knowing full well, there’s only one customer in the world who only buys from Sun and that’s our Chief Information Officer and we don’t expect to clone him anytime soon.

So, fundamentally behind this is a very simple concept that I know — also, Paul and I spoke about, which is a belief that volume drives value. So, what you see up in front of you here is a chart showing since we announced the open sourcing of Solaris, announcing that Solaris would be cross platform, would run on anybody’s hardware, what happened when we left those downloads free onto the networks? So, you’ll see back in March of 2005, when we began this program, we have come close to, if not, I don’t have the exact numbers in front of me right now, around 7 million licenses total distributed out into the marketplaces, 7 million licenses. What’s truly interesting about those download figures is how significant a proportion of those downloads are actually running on Intel and x86 hardware out in the marketplace, nearly 70%.

So, 7/10 downloads, 7/10 of those licenses of Solaris into the marketplace were not running on Sun hardware, they were running on Intel innovation. They were running on systems built by HP and DELL and IBM, and clearly if there is going to be an indication of opportunity for us to work together, it looked an awful lot like, here is a great motivation. It’s evident that customers wanted us to work together, and so clearly we wanted to do exactly that.

So, I think you’ve seen some of the news come out this morning, but as we were discussing with the media this morning, you’ve seen one out of three elements of this relationship. To just walk you through what in fact is going on. We are announcing today a relationship in which Intel will endorse Solaris, will support it across a broad range of Xeon platforms, will agree to OEM Solaris out into the marketplace, and to ensure that the market gets the support it needs in running and optimizing Solaris on Xeon platforms. This is a market changing event. This totally changes the perspective that a customer has on how they can do business with Sun, and similarly how they can do business with Intel.

So, Intel has agreed to really promote Solaris, to help us collectively go off and build the marketplace and the ecosystem around that, and reciprocally Sun is announcing today that we are going to be building a complete line of Xeon servers as well as workstations, complementing and augmenting a very rapidly growing server business that we have at Sun. You’ve probably seen the double digit growth we’ve posted now for consecutive quarters. This just opens yet more opportunity creates more choice for consumers, and again, not just running Solaris, but running Windows as well as Linux that’s out there.

Lastly, and I think what’s most interesting to me is — in fact our teams had a dinner back in December to help prep them for working together on getting this agreement struck, and it was evident, we had all of the heads of our product businesses there, and similarly Paul had some of his leading products folks there as well. We’re both engineering companies, we’re both companies focused on technology, focused on the advancement of our own technologies, using process, using wisdom about the marketplace to create new innovations that really capture and captivate consumers.

So, we’re also announcing today that we’re going to be collaborating on the next generation of our software leveraging Intel software expertise, the next generation of systems leveraging Intel microprocessors as well as Sun Systems engineering capabilities. What does that hold for the future? Time will tell, we’re pretty certain you all will be paying attention to that, and certainly we think there is just a world of opportunity out in front of us. So, this is really a comprehensive relationship. This is not simply a buy-sell arrangement. This is a mechanism that brings the two of us together and creates new market opportunities and new options as well as new value for both of us.

So, the substance of our collaboration, why don’t I just quickly walk you through this, I think you can read this on your own. Again, from the Intel side, Solaris will now be a Tier 1 operating system in the Intel definition, which again confers upon Sun and the ecosystem built up around Solaris in the OpenSolaris Community, a great opportunity to go drive after the volume leading microprocessors in the marketplace. This really brings Intel’s involvement in not just the product evolution, but also the community evolution around the Open Source Java platform, NetBeans, as well as Solaris. Then importantly, Intel is going to help make sure that we know how to optimize Solaris well for Intel microprocessors, so we end up with a better total solution for customers.

On the Sun side, we’re certainly looking forward to building out uniprocessor Dual and Quad Core processor systems. I think we’ve also suggested that we’re not just going to end there, this is — again, we see the marketplace is growing, both in requirements as well as the need for scale. We’re going to be building out things that are greater than four way, and I don’t think it takes a lot of creativity to figure out what’s greater than four way, but it sounds an awful lot like an eight way. As we go — yeah, six way, probably not. Again, this is a mechanism for both of us to get together to do the engineering, to do the hard work, to invent things that really capture and captivate consumers.

So, with that I’d like to pass the pickle to — actually you have your own pickle. Paul Otellini, Chief Executive Officer in Intel. Thank you very much.

Paul Otellini - Intel
Thank you, gentleman. As Jonathan said at one level the very highest level, this is about Intel endorsing and embracing Solaris and this about Sun endorsing and embracing Xeon, but I think there is a lot more behind that story and to give you some of our perspective on that. I thought it has been just a couple of seconds talking about how we at Intel view the enterprise environment today. At the highest level, the biggest single thing that’s happening is it all data centers regardless of their size are now focusing on evolving to a service oriented architecture and what that means we’ve think about the data center providing the critical services for a company, large or small. It means you start worrying about the cost of that echoes of that environment. They overall ecosystem built out in a particular how you use your equipment.

Thinks like utilization rights of servers are becoming very, very critical particularly in the era of rising energy cause. So, you want to able to use them more, but also have them costless in terms of the overall construct at the data center. As this happens, we look at things that are important to CIO’s and data center managers today. One of the things that’s popped up to us is that Solaris is evolving as a mainstream operating system, as you saw some other rate on the downloads, but it also it’s mainstream and enough itself and just to the equipment the Sun ships.

Now we’ve the opportunity to have Intel Inside many of those boxes, but it is becoming as the slide as the Mission-critical UNIX for Xeon. What is that mean? It means that we can collaborate together to make sure that the feature sets that people are — who buyers are focused on that is availability, reliability, Demand Base Switching, virtualization those kinds of features can be unleashed from the microprocessor through the operating system into the hardware the people buy, this lowers are in customers cost and increases the utilization rights. It’s all very, very good.

All the customers are demanding more, more flexibility, interoperability that also a strong argument for us to work together Sun is in a unique position, rather unique position or being the operating system vendor and the supplier of the hardware. That means, we can collaborate to be able to take advantage of a lot of these deep features been in a microprocessors and surrounding architectures. Then the third point is the Intel architecture is expanding.

It’s expanding upwards into the high end of the data centers and downwards into mobile devices, but if you’re independent software developer, thinking about Solaris now, being able to think about Solaris and conjunction with Xeon, which is the volume leader in the marketplace. It’s really important to you as a software developer. You can now take advance of the install base of the Intel hardware that’s out there from Sun and other vendors, but also focus your efforts on Solaris. In terms on Solaris on Xeon in terms of being able to find new markets for your software. In terms of Intel in the enterprise, the driving feature in the enterprise is Moore’s law. It’s been sold for almost 13 years now and Moore’s law gives us more, more transistors.

Up until very recently, the more transistors met simply higher clock speeds. That’s changed it changed in the last year and it’s going to change. I think systemically going forward to where we’ll deliver more performance, but we do it through delivering multiple cores more and more cores of microprocessors on a single chip. That leads to overall lower power requirements, lower cost but gives people more performance. That transistor budget though the Moore’s law gives us, also gives us the ability think but it is the template to put new features on to the chips. You’re seeing Intel developed things like I/O virtualization.

Virtualization of the kernel capabilities to build or run multiple operating system environments on a single microprocessor, which is been true in mainframes for long time and now is coming down to volume-based servers. Intel — from our perspective has done a good job in the last year, meeting all of our commitments in terms of new products coming into the marketplace. We’ve been at or ahead of schedule on every new server chip we’ve developed and we now have industry leading performance on 28th of the top 29 industry benchmarks for servers in terms of performance or energy efficiency of those kinds of metrics. We were the first to market with quad Core. We started shipping quad Core in the third quarter and ramp that volume up in the fourth quarter.

Now you see our quad Core products setting performance metric records out in the industry. We’re stopping Jonathan talked about a deep collaboration. That collaboration goes beyond today’s products and we’re excited about working with Sun or what we can do tomorrow, not just 2007 but beyond. We have a lot of new and exciting products coming out on the next generation Silicon Technology, which is 45 nanometers. This technology is extremely healthy at our conference call last week. We talked about Intel now, microprocessors built on this technology, booting four operating systems and for those members of the press that are interested we’re going to have a deep breathing on 45 nanometers up in Oregon next Monday.

You can talk to our PR people. If you’re interested in attending that that would be one we can actually see what a construct of this technology is like, look the fab look at the products that have been built on it. I think it will be very exciting for you. We have three fabs coming up on this technology in 2008, but I think I talked enough about the technology maybe I think it would be best now to turn a back over to Jonathan and he can tell you about why he was interested in Intel.

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
I offered earlier in the day to allow Paul to walk you through this slide. I am, so, thinking about this. This is actually as a very natural collaboration and I want to try to convey to you how we think about our business and how you should look about the some of the strategic moves you’re going to continue to see from Sun as we go drive forward. Every business we built at Sun is independent of the others. They are related to one another, but they cannot be exclusively dependent upon one another. If all we do is built software for our own microprocessors or our own systems. We’ll by definition not be able to go after – majority of the marketplace. The same applies for our storage business.

We cannot simply attach to Sun servers or to the Sun software that obviously misses the majority of the marketplace. By definition, we’re a minority of the marketplace and we’re looking forward to go participate in as broad a market as possible. So, you can dismiss the fact that one looking at our software business, there is a very natural relationship with the volume microprocessor leader in the marketplace. Again if you look at the numbers that are out there, if you look at where people built applications. They’re building them on Intel microprocessors they’re building them on laptops and notebooks, PCs as well as servers.

So, for us, this is an enormous expansion of the market potential, because we can leverage Intel’s brand, Intel’s reach, Intel’s momentum in the marketplace that gives to our consumers to developers as well as the enterprises, more choice and more options that creates more value for Sun. In the fact that we can reach a much, much broader marketplace.

So, frankly along with the technical expertise the fact that when we hurdle together, we end up having engineering interchanges, which create value for both companies. One of the most exciting things here and I think one of the things that is, is really the story underlying all of this. Is the fact that Intel and Sun getting together around the promotion and the endorsement of Solaris changes the game in the marketplace; what was, potentially in question two or three years ago, which is what happens to Solaris. Does it suffer the same fate as some of the other UNIX is in the marketplace that issue is now off the table.

We clearly have volume, we clearly can work together with Intel to amplify that volume and not just – go look at the market as it currently is and sharing a vision of where the market is headed next to what Paul just said? The fact that we can excitedly sit down with Intel and say tell us the features you’d like us to expose through the operating system. We’re already talking about I/O virtualization as well as the next generation of network optimization of application performance. These are the kinds of things we can do working together and again that creates market opportunity for Sun, creates adoption, and momentum behind Solaris, and if there is a better leading indicator for the future of Sun’s fortune, I can’t think of it than the adoption and the proliferation of Solaris.

So, tell us this is a very natural relationship, we’re very appreciative of the work that the Sun and Intel teams have been doing over the past 6 months as we tried to figure out or how is it we worked together. I think we have had a bit of an ebb and flow in our relationship and I think we’ve only been detecting flow in the past 6 months and I think we want to continue seeing that go forwards, so again this is to us, this is a historic moment. This definitively changes the game in the operating system landscape, changes the market opportunity for Sun gives developers that want to use technologies from Sun as well as from Intel new choices, new opportunities, new performance, new economics. The fact that we can give more choice to customers that ISV’s have a higher volume platform now to plan. There is just a tremendous opportunity both for the Intel side as well as for the Sun side.

So, we can do what we do best and in concert with Intel’s obvious strength and volume, and brand out in the marketplace. We can combine forces to really go after a next ways of opportunity. So, again, I don’t think we could be happy with the relationship, more expectant of the benefits. This is going to bring to us and to bring to customers ultimately at the end of the day. It’s all about them any ways. So, with that why not I turn it over to Russ and maybe we’ll field some questions.

Russ
So, we’ve got some folks moving around the room here with some microphones. So, in just a moment, we’ll start, but I’ll do have to ask you or we’re going to be online on the web, so I need to identify yourself and the company you’re with, so that people listening in and can also get that information and with that it also if you like to direct your questions to either of these two, just let us — let me know. So, with that I think we’ll start.

Tom
Hi, Tom Sanders (Inaudible) where will the Intel processor sit next to the AMD line?

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
Right next to it; different boards.

Paul Otellini - Intel
Yeah, probably different boards; haven’t got on that level of collaboration yet.

Tom
I mean is it going to be — can I choose between a Intel skew and an AMD skew for the identical system or what is it going to look like?

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
So, I guess two things, one, I’d refer you to John Fallow (ph) and he can talk about specifics of the segments we’re going after. The end of the day, customer will define that. The customer will determine what they want to buy from Sun and what the underlying infrastructure needs to look like? That applies by the way to software as well as hardware because we do an awful lot of business out in the marketplace now, satisfying Window’s demand as much as Linux’s demand.

So, that’s not so much a grand strategic plan about how we carve up the market that’s really a – let’s look at the marketplace let’s go figure out where Intel innovation really creates new opportunity, let’s go after that.

Ian Kinfer - Bloomberg News
Ian Kinfer; Bloomberg News. Jonathan. you mentioned number of facts is one into your decision, but all other the things you said about Intel is pretty much always been true of the Intel in terms of scale, size, power in the marketplace, so why now would be the question place.

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
Well I think a few things, number one the fact that Solaris was growing as rapidly as that has not always been true. I mean go look at the chart is just been a rocket ride up into the right that changes again. Secondly our server business has been growing double digits and that’s over the past four consecutive quarters on the spot side, triple digits on the x64 side. Frankly I think we’re different company in were obviously coming at this relationship in a very different way.

Thirdly, I think there has been a change in our view of the marketplace and how we want to go after it, maybe leaving some of the rhetoric of the past behind us. Again, one of the first calls I made having gotten my shiny new job was to call Paul and say, “what can we do together?” because clear — of course, we’re going to compete we’re both very large companies. We compete with almost everybody in the marketplace, but where can we go collaborate to create value for both companies, so again this is an either/or relationship for Sun. This is very much in an relationship. I think it is also a reflection on time and place, but maybe I’d also ask Paul to respond to that.

Paul Otellini - Intel
Sure. From our perspective, this is not just a chip deal, that’s certainly is what we’re all about and is important to us from both the credibility standpoint and the commercial aspects of the relationship, but it is not insignificant for us to commit to endorsing Solaris. This means we’ll put deep engineering on it, we’ll put field resources on it and that is from our perspective not just because I like Jonathan, but I think it’s a really good commercial opportunity for us. The install basis Solaris in a lot of places where Intel is not in some cases. Financial services and telecommunication are two markets where Solaris is very strong there being able to offer an optimize environment on Solaris, on Xeon into those marketplaces, make sense for us and it goes beyond the traditional chip sales aspect of the collaboration.

Speaker
The questions (ph) seem to be very quick.

Merv Adrian - Forrester Research
Merv Adrian from Forrester. Can you give us a little color as to when you think you’ll start to ship systems. You said this year, but can you be anymore specific; you think it’s year end, you think it is going to come any quicker on that?

Paul Otellini – Sun
We’re shipping right now; Solaris running on Xeon - go to Sun.com/solaris, get it downloaded, run it. It runs well; it will only run better. And for the specifics of when we start shipping Intel systems, I guess I’d defer to John, late in the first half of 07. Can’t you do better than that John?

Stephen Shankland – CNetNews.com
Stephen Shankland from CNetNews.com. In the past, you guys have been concerned about keeping a cap on your R&D budget; clearly this increases the amount of R&D. You’ll have to do engineering; you’ll to do hardware and software qualifications and certification. I wonder if you can comment on how much of a difference this is going to mean to Sun’s business also in terms of – would just take some supply chain — are you - presumably you think it is going to be justified, but how important is that factor and are you going to be getting any help in those activities from Intel?

Jonathan Schwartz – Sun
Yeah and in fact just to the beginning part; this, is in our view, actually lowers the expense because now we’ve a collaborator who is willing to work with us to court and cultivate and invest in the success of the ecosystem. So, this is a way of making R&D much, much more efficient. We can do what we do best and really now work with Intel to make sure that they can bring all that Intel has to bear against ensuring the success of Solaris. I think the way we look at R&D, we’re not interested in – nor is Paul for that matter in capping R&D. We are interested in the return on R&D.

And so long as we can get a return, we are interested in amplifying that to the extent certainly possible. And I think this is a way of ensuring, we get a better return for the R&D we are doing. Again, Solaris just running on Sun — on SPARC Systems or just running on AMD systems misses the majority of the marketplace. We want to go after the majority of the marketplace. Sun simply delivering SPARC Systems or simply shipping AMD systems misses the Intel opportunity. We want to make sure we can participate in both equally. I think one of the unspoken assets that Intel has is, they got a big software team.

They know an awful lot about software; and the fact that we can get together to optimize Java, we can optimize Net means that we can optimize Solaris; makes their systems look better, makes our operating system look better, makes the overall customer set happier — that’s all goodness as far as I am concerned. And again, I don’t know if you want to add to that.

Michael Singer – InformationWeek
Michael Singer with InformationWeek. Talk about your — you might have alluded to it before, but what were the previous barriers, because both of you had guiders before you took your posts that had a different relationship than you two have today. What was it that broke down those barriers and for you Jonathan and then for Paul? Was it just that you had a new opportunity with Sun that allowed you to take that choice to make this decision today or can you kind of, give us some call on that?

Paul Otellini - Intel
I think it was a bottle of Barolo at Delfina; I think that really - really good bottle.

Jonathan Schwartz – Sun
You know leave history aside, we think — and I think what motivates both of us is, we think there is opportunity – let’s get busy - let’s get after the opportunity. And what do you got, what have we got, how do we put it together in ways that goes off and creates value. So I think, we’re both looking forward and looking at customers — and by the way, just talk to any customer out there; no one could possibly think that this is anything other than a brilliant partnership; all these does is create options and choice for them.

Paul Otellini - Intel
One of the things I think is interesting to observe is that we are coming together at a time when both companies had very positive momentum both in the market and in our products; a momentum behind Solaris, we had a momentum behind the double-digit growth in servers, momentum behind Intel’s new product lines and so forth. And I have always thought that momentum breeds momentum; and the idea that we could get — the two of us working together, could only multiply as what we could have done independently and that was the principal reason for me to really want to do this.

Audience Member
So Jonathan, you’re going to start releasing Dual Processors, Xeon Systems in the first half, which is pretty soon. How long have you actually been developing these systems and also can you comment on when you expect the 4P and uniprocessor systems to come; but basically when did you start working it? How long has this been under cover?

Jonathan Schwartz – Sun
We – and again just so you think about — we don’t take the team that’s working on these systems and have them completely segregated and isolated from every other team at Sun. We have really deep systems engineering expertise; and frankly, the fact that they were only working on SPARC - you know, microprocessors, under-leveraged the talent they had that could enable us to get into new markets. So we have a unified systems team at Sun that builds all the systems we build.

So, in that regard, along with Solaris, which is obviously more than two decades in evolution, we’ve been working an awfully long time in the same space. The question was, when were we really going to commit to build common products. And I think that relationship has been going on for a while, because we’ve seen one another in the marketplace so often.

So I don’t know if I could put a specific date on when did we actually sit down and say okay, what are the aspects and performance and in-outs and how do we go make this — just didn’t work that way. And in terms of the specific ship dates, I am not going to give that to you. You’d give it to the other guy. Yeah, it was a good try still. But again, I’d like to remind you, Solaris runs beautifully on Xeon, is available at Sun.com/Solaris.

Rush
I guess Michael.

Michael Singer - InformationWeek
On the software side, obviously Intel is adopting more the Solaris, but Jonathan talk about Intel software business, and what are the sort of gold nuggets within say TBB or BePro (ph) or what are the things that you’re looking forward to sort of enhancing that you may not already have in Solaris or NetBeans or Java for that matter?

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
Are you asking him or me?

Michael Singer - InformationWeek
You.

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
Let me give you a very simple example. Virtualization in a chip is less interesting if it’s not exposed by the operating system. If the operating system doesn’t know how to deal with it or leverage it or take advantage of it that makes the overall systems package less interesting. If we can synchronize and coordinate our releases around virtualization, whether it’s application virtualization, OS virtualization, or network virtualization, that’s only upside. I was with a customer just last week, who is in a very, very high scale and very high value environment, and one of the points they made, which was I think similar to the point that Paul made, is we’re the only company in the marketplace today that delivers both the operating systems and the underlying system infrastructure, the only one.

Now, a few years ago that was viewed as a deficit that was a bad thing, because that wasn’t the future. Well, now the fact that we can coordinate our releases and work with partners to make sure that we sit down with Paul’s team and say, what’s coming up and how can we help you amplify it in the marketplace, that adds value to them and also adds value to us. That applies across Solaris as well as Java. I mean again, to really understand the Sun model, we want Solaris to absolutely scream on Xeon, to blow everyone else in the marketplace away.

Paul Otellini - Intel
If I could just jump in there. The two other areas I think would be interesting, at least from our perspective. Solaris being able to take advantage of Intel’s I/O acceleration technology for the whole I/O part of the system to run faster. Demand based switching, so we can move task back and forth very quickly, exposing that from the hardware to the operating system would be very interesting to us.

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
Ultimately, if we do a better job of optimizing Solaris on Xeon, because we can, then that means it’s going to win in the marketplace, but we want to present customer with choice, we want to do what we can to amplify the best of everything we build.

Rush
Steven.

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
Don, you’re silent back there, what’s going on?

Don
Happy to yield the mike down.

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
I read your blog, I can start asking you questions now. So Don, what do you think of the deal?

Don
So, where do you see now SPARC and Itanium competing in the future, how do you divide the x86 line from the SPARC line, and in your case, Paul, the Itanium line?

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
We don’t divide it, we try to go after as much market as we can, but these are loosely coupled than highly aligned business, and so we want to see Solaris succeed on all platforms on which it ships. The fact that we’ve got four consecutive quarters of growth behind us suggests there is more than enough opportunity across all the disparate product lines. We want to go after all the opportunity and not just isolate ourselves to one.

Paul Otellini - Intel
I guess for my perspective, the very positive part of this relationship is the ability to work together to get the Xeon based systems greater than four, up and running, and delivering really good results into the marketplace. Sun is a good company to collaborate with from that perspective. I think it will be the wrong thing to do to reopen the religious war or Itanium. Itanium is a separate product line right now, Solaris does not support Itanium. If they decide to support it, we’d love it, if they don’t, that’s just business decision on their side.

Russ
Steven.

Steven
So, related question, which is big-iron on x86, it’s something a lot of people have tried for a very long time, Sequent, all these companies that have vanished into the midst, and it’s something I guess really, IBM is the only enthusiast for, do you think that Sun is going to be the company that finally gets big-iron x86 to break out, Paul?

Paul Otellini - Intel
Gosh, I hope so, but…

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
He meant to say yes.

Paul Otellini - Intel
The reason I said that is, is that there are other customers working on 8 and above Xeon as well, not necessarily in this country, so you probably don’t have as much visibility to them, but we see that happening elsewhere. I think that in — if you look at, from our perspective, a snapshot or a side view of the Solaris marketplace in terms of some of those very critical mission, mission critical markets and data intensive markets like financial service or Telco, well, the thing is it has to be reliable has heck, that allows us to get Xeon into the space where it isn’t really today.

Jonathan Schwartz - Sun
Maybe then to give you more confidence in that, the single biggest determinant of the success of a high scale x86 system will be the popularity of the operating system that runs on a single socket x86 system. You cannot start by saying I’d like to build a 16 way x86 system, and oh, I would probably need an operating system. No one starts their business on a 16 way system, they all start their businesses and they all start their projects on one way.

So, the fact that we can show up in the marketplace with a one socket system that — I mean again, this is the recipe we know well. What’s led to the success of Sun Systems business is the fact that we’ve had complete binary compatibility up and down the product set. So, the fact that we’re going to be in this space with our own systems, and by the way with an operating system that eats threads for lunch and scales beautifully, should give us a little bit of a boost that maybe some of the other players haven’t had.

Russ
So, I think I’m going to have one more question here. So, if anybody would like to be the last questionnaire, that would be great, if not, we will end early. Michael, give it another go?

Speaker
No question Duncan.

Audience Member
So, the last question is on Service Oriented Architecture, SOA. We’ve heard about writing to the chip, wr